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| | Medical Ethics | | 2005-2-25 23:44:23 2005 Beijing WPA-CSP Workshop Otto W. Steenfeldt-Foss M.D., M.P.H., |  Declaration of Geneva
• A PHYSICIAN SHALL always maintain the highest standards of professional conduct.
• A PHYSICIAN SHALL not permit motives of profit to influence the free and independent exercise of professional judgement on behalf of patients.
• A PHYSICIAN SHALLin all types of medical practice, be dedicated to providing competent medical service in full technical and moral independence, with compassion and respect for human dignity.
• A PHYSICIAN SHALL deal honestly with patients and colleagues, and strive to expose those physicians deficient in character or competence, or who engage in fraud or deception.
Following practices are deemed to be
unethical conduct:
Self advertising by physicians, unless permitted by the laws of the country and the Code of Ethics of the National Medical Association.
Paying or receiving any fee or any other consideration solely to procure the referral of a patient or for prescribing or referring a patient to any source.
Declaration of Geneva
• A PHYSICIAN SHALL respect the rights of patients, of colleagues, and of other health professionals and shall safeguard patient confidences.
• A PHYSICIAN SHALL act only in the patients interest when providing medical care which might have the effect of weakening the physical and mental condition of the patient.
• A PHYSICIAN SHALL use great caution in divulging discoveries or new techniques or treatment through non-professional channels.
• A PHYSICIAN SHALL certify only that which he has personally verified.
Declaration of Geneva
DUTIES OF PHYSICIANS TO THE SICK
• A PHYSICIAN SHALL always bear in mind the obligation of preserving human life.
• A PHYSICIAN SHALL owe his patients complete loyalty and all the resources of his science. Whenever an examination or treatment is beyond the physicians capacity he should summon another physician who has the necessary ability.
• A PHYSICIAN SHALL preserve absolute confidentiality on all he knows about his patient even after the patient has died.
• A PHYSICIAN SHALL give emergency care as a humanitarian duty unless he is assured that others are willing and able to give such care.
Declaration of Geneva
DUTIES OF PHYSICIANS TO EACH OTHER
• PHYSICIAN SHALL behave towards his colleagues as he would have them behave towards him.
• A PHYSICIAN SHALL NOT entice patients from his colleagues.
• A PHYSICIAN SHALL observe the principles of the "Declaration of Geneva" approved by the World Medical Association.
Declaration of Geneva – adopted 1994 in Stockholm
AT THE TIME OF BEING ADMITTED AS A MEMBER OF THE MEDICAL
PROFESSION:
• I SOLEMNLY PLEDGE myself to consecrate my life to the service of humanity;
• I WILL GIVE to my teachers the respect and gratitude which is their due;
• I WILL PRACTICE my profession with conscience and dignity;
• THE HEALTH OF MY PATIENT will be my first consideration;
I WILL RESPECT the secrets which are confided in me, even after the patient has died;
• I WILL MAINTAIN by all the means in my power, the honor and the noble traditions of the medical profession;
• MY COLLEAGUES will be my sisters and brothers;
• I WILL NOT PERMIT considerations of age, disease or disability, creed, ethnic origin, gender, nationality, political affiliation, race, sexual orientation, or social standing to intervene between my duty and my patient;
• I WILL MAINTAIN the utmost respect for human life from its beginning even under threat and I will not use my medical knowledge contrary to the laws of humanity;
• I MAKE THESE PROMISES solemnly, freely and upon my honor.
Oath of Hippocrates
"Above All, Do No Harm"
• I swear by Apollo the physician, and Aesculapius, and Hygeia, and Panacea and all the gods and goddesses, making them my witnesses, that I will fulfill, according to my ability and judgment, this Oath and covenant:
• To hold him, who has taught me this art, as equal to my parents, and to live my life in partnership with him, and if he is in need of money to give him a share of mine, and to regard his offspring as equal to my brothers in male lineage, and to teach them this art - if they desire to learn it - without fee and covenant; to give a share of precepts and oral instruction and all the other learning to my sons and to the sons of him who has instructed me, and to pupils who have signed the covenant and who have taken an oath according to the medical law, but to no one else.
• I will apply dietetic measures for the benefit of the sick according to my ability and judgment; I will keep them from harm and injustice.
• I will neither give a deadly drug to anybody if asked for it, nor will I make a suggestion to this effect. Similarly I will not give to a woman an abortive remedy. In purity and holiness, I will guard my life and my art.
• I will not use the knife, not even on sufferers from stone, but will withdraw in favor of such men as are [skilled] in this work.
• Whatever houses I may visit, I will come for the benefit of the sick, remaining free of all intentional injustice, of all mischief, and in particular of sexual relations with both male and female persons, be they free or slaves.
• What I may see or hear in the course of treatment or even outside of the treatment in regard to the life of men, which on no account [ought to be] spread abroad, I will keep to myself, holding such things shameful to be spoken about.
• If I fulfill this Oath and do not violate it, may it be granted to me to enjoy life and art, being honored with fame among all men for all time to come; if I transgress it and swear falsely, may the opposite of all this be my lot.
Principles of Medical Ethics relevant to the Role of Health Personnel, particularly Physicians, in the Protection of Prisoners and Detainees against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment
Adopted by General Assembly resolution 37/194of 18 December 1982
Principle 1
Health personnel, particularly physicians, charged with the medical care of prisoners and detainees have a duty to provide them with protection of their physical and mental health and treatment of disease of the same quality and standard as is afforded to those who are not imprisoned or detained.
Principle 2
It is a gross contravention of medical ethics, as well as an offence under applicable international instruments, for health personnel, particularly physicians, to engage, actively or passively, in acts which constitute participation in, complicity in, incitement to or attempts to commit torture or other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment.
Principle 3
It is a contravention of medical ethics for health personnel, particularly physicians, to be involved in any professional relationship with prisoners or detainees the purpose of which is not solely to evaluate, protect or improve their physical and mental health.
Principles of Medical Ethics relevant to the Role of Health Personnel, particularly Physicians, in the Protection of Prisoners and Detainees against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment
Adopted by General Assembly resolution 37/194of 18 December 1982
Principle 4
It is a contravention of medical ethics for health personnel, particularly physicians:
(a) To apply their knowledge and skills in order to assist in the interrogation of prisoners and detainees in a manner that may adversely affect the physical or mental health or condition of such prisoners or detainees and which is not in accordance with the relevant international instruments; <2>
(b) To certify, or to participate in the certification of, the fitness of prisoners or detainees for any form of treatment or punishment that may adversely affect their physical or mental health and which is not in accordance with the relevant international instruments, or to participate in any way in the infliction of any such treatment or punishment which is not in accordance with the relevant international instruments.
Principle 5
It is a contravention of medical ethics for health personnel, particularly physicians, to participate in any procedure for restraining a prisoner or detainee unless such a procedure is determined in accordance with purely medical criteria as being necessary for the protection of the physical or mental health or the safety of the prisoner or detainee himself, of his fellow prisoners or detainees, or of his guardians, and presents no hazard to his physical or mental health.
Principle 6
There may be no derogation from the foregoing principles on any ground whatsoever, including public emergency.
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Ministry of Health, (2003) No.013
ICP:No.040657